Research publications/Theory of science

Journal:
Data & Knowledge Engineering
(http://www.journals.elsevier.com/data-and-knowledge-engineering/)
Impact Factor:1.422
The aim of the journal is to identify, investigate and analyze the underlying principles in the design and effective use of Data & Knowledge Engineering systems.

Research paper:
This Paper was taken from the Journal mentioned above.
(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169023X12000237)
The paper is called “From humor recognition to irony detection: The figurative language of social media” and is about automated humor and irony processing in short texts or one-liners on the Internet. By applying this model the authors wanted to try and find key processes that makes us recognising and understanding humor and irony. They tried this by using different scenarios where humor and irony appears in different situations and looked at their relevance to build the model. Over 50000 short texts “tweets” were analyzed for this paper. I do not know how and where these “tweets” were collected from, but an observation might be that maybe these tweets all were in English and therefore this is not a general interpretation for humor and irony as it might be subjective to cultural differences..

The Problems of Philosophy (1912) by Russel   

Questions

1. Sense data is a term that Russell created to describe how we actually perceive things, with our senses. For example how we interpret light, colors, sound, when we touch things, smells and so on. The reason for coming up with this was that he thought that there wasn't a way to really describe what a specific individual is experiencing when having a “sensation”. As there is no rule to what is a “right” sensation or not.

2. A Statement of fact is something you have experienced, something you are acquainted with and thereby know is true, I could say that a statement of fact is that my current jacket is blue, and everyone that has seen it will know that this is indeed true. Where as a proposition is when we know something but we are not acquainted with this thing personally, so its more know by description. For example we know that mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world, even thou many of us haven't been there.

3. Russell describes definite descriptions with example of the phrases “a so-and-so and “the so-and-so”. Where a so-and-so is something general or ambiguous, like a car or a buss. where as “the so-and-so” describes something unique. Like a person with its attribute that is unique to this particular person. For example “The King of Sweden”. This describes one specific person and could not be any other and thereby a definite description.

4. Russel argues about if we really can know what true knowledge is, All the things we know for sure, we might only think we know. We can never be 100% sure of that what we know is true. If one person thinks something its probably just an opinion, but if more people have the same opinion about this knowledge then it is more likely that it’s true. He also talks about the differences between philosophical and scientific knowledge where he thinks that there really aren't that big differences.